➤ Ancient India

• Sources of history (archaeological & literary)
• Stone Age cultures: Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic
• Chalcolithic cultures and practices
• Indus Valley Civilization: phases & sites
• Vedic Age: Rigvedic to Later Vedic society

➤ Medieval India

• Rise of Jainism & Buddhism
• Mahājanapadas and Magadha’s growth
• Mauryan Empire & Arthashastra polity
• Post‑Mauryan dynasties: Śuṅga, Kuṣāṇa, Satavāhana
• Gupta Golden Age and its legacy
• Tripartite Struggle & regional fragmentation

➤ Medieval India

• Arrival of European powers & sea‑route discoveries
• Decline of the Mughal Empire
• Emergence of Marathas, Sikhs, Nizams, other states
• British consolidation: major battles & policies
• 1857 Revolt: causes, course & consequences
• Post‑1858 administrative reforms
• Socio‑religious reform movements
• Economic changes: land revenue, deindustrialization
• Education, press growth & vernacular awakening
• Tribal, peasant & feudal uprisings
• Birth of nationalism: Moderate to Extremist phases
• Gandhian Era: Satyagraha, Non‑Cooperation, Civil Disobedience
• Road to Independence: Quit India, INA, Partition